What Is the Four Humours Theory in Unani Medicine? Complete Explanation


The Theory in Unani Medicine is one of the oldest health concepts in the world. It explains how balance inside the human body keeps a person healthy. This theory is based on the Four Humours, also known as Akhlat-e-Arba.

For more than 2,000 years, Unani doctors have used this knowledge to understand disease, diet, lifestyle, and treatment. Even today, many people trust Unani and Ayurvedic products because they work with the body, not against it.

This article gives a complete and simple explanation of the Four Humours Theory, its types, and why it still matters in modern life.

The Theory in Unani Medicine: A Basic Idea

The Theory in Unani Medicine states that the human body is controlled by four natural fluids called humours. Health exists when these humours are in balance. Disease begins when the balance is disturbed.

This idea was developed by Hippocrates and later refined by Galen and famous Unani scholars like Ibn Sina (Avicenna).

Unani Medicine Basic Principles

The Theory in Unani Medicine works on a few simple principles:

  • The body has natural healing power

  • Balance is more important than medicine

  • Diet and lifestyle are part of treatment

  • Nature should be supported, not forced

According to WHO, over 80% of people globally use traditional medicine systems like Unani and Ayurveda for primary healthcare.

Types of Four Humours in Unani Medicine (Akhlat-e-Arba)

Understanding the Types of Four Humours in Unani Medicine is key to understanding health.

1. Blood (Dam)

  • Nature: Hot and Moist

  • Function: Energy, growth, and strength

  • Excess may cause: Acne, high BP, anger

2. Phlegm (Balgham)

  • Nature: Cold and Moist

  • Function: Lubrication and calmness

  • Excess may cause: Cold, obesity, laziness

3. Yellow Bile (Safra)

  • Nature: Hot and Dry

  • Function: Digestion and metabolism

  • Excess may cause: Acidity, irritation

4. Black Bile (Sauda)

  • Nature: Cold and Dry

  • Function: Stability and structure

  • Excess may cause: Anxiety, joint pain

The Theory in Unani Medicine teaches that no humour is bad. Problems arise only when one humour increases or decreases too much.

Role of Mizaj (Temperament) in the Theory in Unani Medicine

Each person has a unique Mizaj (temperament), such as hot, cold, moist, or dry.

The Theory in Unani Medicine uses Mizaj to decide:

  • Diet plan

  • Daily routine

  • Suitable medicines

For example, a person with a hot temperament may benefit from cooling foods and gentle herbal products, similar to many Ayurvedic-Unani formulations used today.

Practical Example and Case Insight

A 2021 clinical observation in an Indian Unani hospital showed that diet correction based on humour imbalance improved digestion in 68% of patients without strong medicines.

This proves the Theory in Unani Medicine is not only historical but also practical and effective today.

Why the Theory in Unani Medicine Is Still Relevant Today

Modern life causes stress, poor diet, and sleep problems. The Theory in Unani Medicine focuses on root causes, not symptoms.

That is why Unani and Ayurvedic products made from herbs, oils, and natural minerals are gaining trust again. They aim to restore balance gently and safely.

Conclusion

The Theory in Unani Medicine explains health in a natural and human way. By understanding the Types of Four Humours in Unani Medicine and following Unani Medicine Basic Principles, people can live healthier lives.

This theory reminds us that true healing begins with balance, not chemicals. In a fast world, Unani medicine offers slow, safe, and deep healing.

FAQs (Question & Answer Format)

Q1. What is the Theory in Unani Medicine?

Answer: The Theory in Unani Medicine explains health and disease based on balance among four humours in the body.

Q2. What are the Types of Four Humours in Unani Medicine?

Answer: The four humours are Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, and Black Bile.

Q3. Is the Theory in Unani Medicine scientifically accepted?

Answer: While traditional, many principles are supported by modern lifestyle and diet research.

Q4. How does Unani medicine differ from modern medicine?

Answer: Unani focuses on balance, temperament, and prevention, while modern medicine often treats symptoms.

Q5. Can Unani and Ayurvedic products be used together?

Answer: Yes, under expert guidance, as both systems follow natural healing principles.

Location: India

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